ntroduction

Amebiasis presents a wide range of clinical syndromes which reflects the potential for E. histolytica to become invasive and cause a progressive disease. The incubation period can range from a few days to months or years with 2-4 weeks being the most common. Transitions from one type of intestinal syndrome to another can occur and intestinal infections can give rise to extra intestinal infections.

The majority of individuals diagnosed with E. histolytica exhibit no symptoms or have vague and nonspecific abdominal symptoms. This state can persist or progress to a symptomatic infection. Symptomatic no dysenteric infections exhibit variable symptoms ranging from mild and transient to intense and long lasting. Typical symptoms include: diarrhea, cramps, flatulence, nausea, and anorexia. The diarrhea frequently alternates with periods of constipation or soft stools. Stools sometimes contain mucus, but there is no visible blood.

Amebic dysentery usually starts slowly over several days with abdominal cramps, tenesmus, and occasional loose stools, but progresses to diarrhea with blood and mucus. The blood, mucus and pieces of necrotic tissue become more evident as the number of stools increases (10-20 or more per day) and stools will often contain little fecal material. A few patients may develop fever, vomiting, abdominal tenderness, or dehydration (especially children) as the severity of the disease increases. Fulminant, or gangrenous, colitis is a rare but extremely severe form of intestinal amebiasis. Patients present with severe bloody diarrhea, fever, and diffuse abdominal tenderness. Most of the mucosa is involved and mortality exceeds 50%. A chronic amebiasis, characterized by recurrent attacks of dysentery with intervening periods of mild or moderate gastrointestinal symptoms, can also occur.

Amebomas present as painful abdominal masses which occur most frequently in the cecum and ascending colon. Obstructive symptoms or hemorrhages may also be associated with an ameboma. Amebomas are infrequent and can be confused with carcinomas or tumors. Perianal ulcers are a form of cutaneous amebiasis that results from the direct spread of the intestinal infection.

Amebic liver abscesses are the most common form of extra intestinal amebiasis. The onset of hepatic symptoms can be rapid or gradual. Hepatic infections are characterized by hepatomegaly, liver tenderness, pain in the upper right quadrant, fever and anorexia. Fever sometimes occurs on a daily basis in the afternoon or evening. Liver function tests are usually normal or slightly abnormal and jaundice is unusual. Liver abscesses will occasionally rupture into the peritoneum resulting in peritonitis.

Mechanism of action

The active principle acts in the following manner:

Conessine the active alkaloid in Antydysentrica holarrhena is highly potent against living amoeba and also entamoeba hystolytica, which is the causative organism of amoebiasis.

Soothes and calms digestive tract through anti-spasmodic effects.

Increases healthy blood circulation to digestive system.

Helps to rebuild the gut protective mucous linings.

Provides energy for better digestion.

Promotes normal bowel evacuation.

Dosage

Two tablets twice or thrice daily for a week followed by maintenance dose of one tablet daily.

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